/* Research editorial presentation. No dependency on legacy research-insight modules. */
.ctg-research-page{margin:0;background:var(--ctg-public-surface-light);color:var(--ctg-public-heading-light);font-family:var(--ctg-public-font-body);--research-accent:#65568f;--research-rule:rgba(23,25,30,.18);--research-display:Georgia,Cambria,"Times New Roman",serif;}
.ctg-research-page *{box-sizing:border-box;}
.ctg-research-shell{width:min(calc(100% - 2 * var(--ctg-public-gutter)),var(--ctg-public-content-max));margin-inline:auto;}
.ctg-research-page :where(main a){color:inherit;text-underline-offset:.22em;text-decoration-thickness:1px;}
.ctg-research-page main a:not(.ctg-cta,[data-research-topic],.ctg-research-citation,.ctg-research-service-pill){text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:.15em;}
/* Only explicitly short, isolated actions receive the shared reveal. */
.ctg-research-page main a.ctg-research-action{position:relative;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:0;}
.ctg-research-page :where(main a):focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--research-accent);outline-offset:var(--ctg-public-focus-offset);}
.ctg-research-page :where(h1,h2,h3){text-wrap:pretty;}
.ctg-research-page :where(main p,main li,main dd){line-height:1.65;}
.ctg-research-page :where(main) p:not(:where(.service-final-cta__body,.service-final-cta__reassurance)){color:var(--ctg-public-body-light);}
.ctg-research-page h1{margin:1.25rem 0 1.5rem;font:400 var(--ctg-public-type-h1)/1.12 var(--research-display);letter-spacing:-.045em;}
.ctg-research-page h2{margin:0 0 1.5rem;font:400 var(--ctg-public-type-h2)/1.15 var(--research-display);letter-spacing:-.035em;}
.ctg-research-page h3{margin:0 0 .7rem;font:600 var(--ctg-public-type-h3)/1.3 var(--ctg-public-font-heading);letter-spacing:-.025em;}
.ctg-research-page :is(.service-solution-eyebrow,.ctg-research-eyebrow,.ctg-research-kicker){display:flex;align-items:center;margin:0 0 18px;}
.ctg-research-page :is(.service-solution-eyebrow,.ctg-research-eyebrow,.ctg-research-kicker)::after{content:none;}
.ctg-research-page :is(.service-solution-eyebrow,.ctg-research-eyebrow,.ctg-research-kicker)+:is(h1,h2,h3,p,ul,.ctg-research-card,.ctg-research-service-links){margin-top:0;}
.ctg-research-kicker{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem 1.25rem;}
.ctg-research-kicker>.ctg-research-category,.ctg-research-kicker>a{color:inherit;}
.ctg-research-deck{max-width:46rem;margin:0;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.65;}
.ctg-research-hub-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.65fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:5rem;padding-block:70px;align-items:center;}
.ctg-research-page .ctg-research-hub-hero h1,.ctg-research-page .ctg-research-hub-title{font-family:var(--ctg-public-font-heading);font-weight:500;line-height:1.08;letter-spacing:-.04em;text-wrap:balance;}
.ctg-research-promise{margin:0;padding-left:2rem;border-left:2px solid var(--research-accent);font:500 clamp(1.5rem,2.4vw,2rem)/1.08 var(--ctg-public-font-heading);letter-spacing:-.04em;text-wrap:balance;}
.ctg-research-promise span{display:block;margin-block:.5rem;}
.ctg-research-section{padding-block:clamp(3rem,5vw,5rem);border-top:1px solid var(--research-rule);}
.ctg-research-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:3rem 4rem;align-items:start;}
.ctg-research-card{min-width:0;padding-top:1.5rem;border-top:1px solid var(--research-rule);}
.ctg-research-card h3{margin:1rem 0;font:400 clamp(1.75rem,2.5vw,2.25rem)/1.2 var(--research-display);}
.ctg-research-page .ctg-research-card :is(h2,h3) a{text-decoration:none;background-image:linear-gradient(currentColor,currentColor);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:left bottom;background-size:0% 1px;box-decoration-break:clone;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;transition:background-size 320ms cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1);}
.ctg-research-page .ctg-research-card :is(h2,h3) a:is(:hover,:focus-visible){background-size:100% 1px;}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.ctg-research-page .ctg-research-card :is(h2,h3) a{transition-duration:0ms;}}
.ctg-research-card>p{max-width:62ch;}
.ctg-research-featured{padding:0 0 2rem;}
.ctg-research-featured-header{position:relative;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-start;min-height:2.75rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem;}
.ctg-research-page .ctg-research-featured-header h2{margin:0;font-family:var(--ctg-public-font-heading);font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.08;letter-spacing:-.04em;text-wrap:balance;}
.ctg-research-carousel-controls{position:absolute;right:0;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.75rem;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:600;}
.ctg-research-page .ctg-research-carousel-controls .ctg-research-carousel-control{display:grid;place-items:center;width:2.75rem;height:2.75rem;padding:0;border:1px solid var(--research-rule);border-radius:50%;background:var(--ctg-secondary-surface);color:var(--ctg-public-body-light);font:400 1.25rem/1 var(--ctg-public-font-body);box-shadow:none;transform:none;cursor:pointer;transition:border-color 320ms cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1),background-color 320ms cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1),color 320ms cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1),transform 320ms cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1);}
.ctg-research-page .ctg-research-carousel-controls .ctg-research-carousel-control:not(:disabled):is(:hover,:focus-visible){border-color:var(--ctg-public-heading-light);background:var(--ctg-secondary-hover-surface);color:var(--ctg-public-heading-light);box-shadow:none;}
.ctg-research-page .ctg-research-carousel-controls .ctg-research-carousel-control:not(:disabled):active{transform:scale(.97);}
.ctg-research-page .ctg-research-carousel-controls .ctg-research-carousel-control:disabled{opacity:.5;cursor:default;}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.ctg-research-page .ctg-research-carousel-controls .ctg-research-carousel-control{transition-duration:0ms;}}
.ctg-research-carousel-control:focus-visible,.ctg-research-featured-rail:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--research-accent);outline-offset:var(--ctg-public-focus-offset);}
.ctg-research-featured-rail{--research-card-width:calc((100% - 3rem) / 3.16);display:flex;gap:1rem;overflow-x:auto;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;scroll-padding-inline:0;overscroll-behavior-x:contain;scrollbar-width:none;}
.ctg-research-featured-rail::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;}
.ctg-research-carousel-viewport{position:relative;isolation:isolate;--research-edge-fade-width:48px;}
.ctg-research-carousel-viewport::before,.ctg-research-carousel-viewport::after{position:absolute;z-index:1;top:0;bottom:0;width:var(--research-edge-fade-width);content:"";pointer-events:none;opacity:0;}
.ctg-research-carousel-viewport::before{left:0;background:linear-gradient(to right,var(--ctg-public-surface-light),transparent);}
.ctg-research-carousel-viewport::after{right:0;background:linear-gradient(to left,var(--ctg-public-surface-light),transparent);}
.ctg-research-carousel-viewport.can-scroll-left::before,.ctg-research-carousel-viewport.can-scroll-right::after{opacity:1;}
/* Never veil a keyboard-focused card link or its existing outline. */
.ctg-research-carousel-viewport:has(a:focus-visible)::before,.ctg-research-carousel-viewport:has(a:focus-visible)::after{opacity:0;}
.ctg-research-featured-rail .ctg-research-card--featured{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex:0 0 var(--research-card-width);min-height:21rem;min-width:0;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;scroll-snap-align:start;}
.ctg-research-featured-rail .ctg-research-card--featured+.ctg-research-card--featured{border-left:1px solid var(--research-rule);}
.ctg-research-feature-copy{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex:1;padding:1rem 1.25rem 1.25rem;color:var(--ctg-public-heading-light);}
.ctg-research-feature-copy .ctg-research-kicker{align-items:flex-start;min-height:2.25rem;}
.ctg-research-feature-copy h3{margin:0;font:400 clamp(2.375rem,2.8vw,2.5rem)/1.12 var(--research-display);letter-spacing:-.035em;text-wrap:balance;}
.ctg-research-feature-copy .ctg-research-link{align-self:flex-start;margin-top:auto;padding-top:1.5rem;}
#browse-the-research{padding-top:60px;scroll-margin-top:7rem;}
#browse-the-research>h2{text-align:center;}
#browse-the-research>h2,.ctg-research-standards>h2,.ctg-research-method-copy>h2{margin-bottom:30px;}
.ctg-research-topics{margin:0;padding-bottom:60px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--research-rule);}
.ctg-research-topics ul{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;gap:1rem;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;}
.ctg-research-topics li{max-width:100%;}
.ctg-research-page .ctg-research-topics a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-height:44px;max-width:100%;padding:.625rem 1.5rem;border:1px solid var(--ctg-secondary-border);border-radius:999px;background:var(--ctg-secondary-surface);color:var(--ctg-cta-material);font-size:.9375rem;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.4;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;text-align:center;}
.ctg-research-page a.ctg-research-service-pill{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:.45rem 1rem;border:1px solid var(--ctg-secondary-border);border-radius:999px;background:var(--ctg-secondary-surface);color:var(--ctg-cta-material);font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.4;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;}
.ctg-research-page .ctg-research-topics a[aria-current]{background:var(--ctg-cta-material);color:var(--ctg-cta-material-text);border:1px solid var(--ctg-secondary-border);}
.ctg-research-page .ctg-research-topics a:hover,.ctg-research-page a.ctg-research-service-pill:hover{box-shadow:none;transform:none;}
.ctg-research-page .ctg-research-evidence-line,.ctg-research-source-kind{font-size:.875rem;}
.ctg-research-link{display:inline-block;margin-top:.5rem;font-size:.9375rem;font-weight:650;text-decoration:none;}
.ctg-research-feature-evidence{display:flex;gap:2.5rem;margin:1.5rem 0;}
.ctg-research-page dt{font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.5;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;}
.ctg-research-page dd{margin:.3rem 0 0;color:var(--ctg-public-body-light);}
.ctg-research-filter-status{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip-path:inset(50%);white-space:nowrap;}
#research-results{--research-preview-spacing:3rem;row-gap:var(--research-preview-spacing);overflow-anchor:none;}
#research-results>.ctg-research-card{padding-top:var(--research-preview-spacing);}
.ctg-research-card[hidden]{display:none;}
.ctg-research-standards-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:2rem 4rem;max-width:70rem;}
.ctg-research-standards>h2{margin-top:.8rem;}
.ctg-research-closing{max-width:65ch;margin:2rem 0 0;font-weight:600;}
.ctg-research-notice{border-left:2px solid var(--research-rule);padding-left:1.5rem;margin-top:2rem;max-width:65rem;}
.ctg-research-notice p:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}
.ctg-research-method{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,12fr) minmax(0,13fr);gap:4rem;align-items:start;}
.ctg-research-method-copy>p{margin:0;}
.ctg-research-method-copy .ctg-research-closing{margin-top:2rem;color:var(--ctg-public-heading-light);}
.ctg-research-method-copy .ctg-research-closing::before{display:block;width:62px;margin-bottom:1.5rem;border-top:1px solid var(--research-rule);content:"";}
.ctg-research-method-panel{display:grid;gap:1rem;margin:2.5rem 0 0;padding:2rem;border:0;border-radius:.875rem;background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--research-rule) 20%,var(--ctg-public-surface-light));}
.ctg-research-method-panel>div{padding:1.25rem 1.5rem;border:1px solid var(--research-rule);border-radius:.875rem;background:var(--ctg-public-surface-light);}
.ctg-research-method-panel dt{font:600 1.125rem/1.3 var(--ctg-public-font-heading);letter-spacing:-.025em;text-transform:none;color:var(--ctg-public-heading-light);}
.ctg-research-method-panel dd{margin:.5rem 0 0;color:var(--ctg-public-body-light);}
.ctg-research-definitions{margin:1.5rem 0;}
.ctg-research-definitions>div{padding:.85rem 0;border-top:1px solid var(--research-rule);}
.ctg-research-definitions dt{font-size:1rem;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;}
.ctg-research-service-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.75rem 2rem;list-style:none;padding:0;margin:1rem 0 0;}
.ctg-research-article-hero{padding-block:2rem 3.5rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--research-rule);}
.ctg-research-article-hero:has(+.ctg-research-article-image){border-bottom:0;}
.ctg-research-article-image{margin:0;aspect-ratio:3;border-radius:.25rem;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(37,40,45,.04),0 12px 32px -8px rgba(37,40,45,.12),0 24px 48px -16px rgba(37,40,45,.08);}
.ctg-research-article-image picture,.ctg-research-article-image img{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;}
.ctg-research-article-image img{object-fit:cover;}
.ctg-research-breadcrumbs{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem;font-size:.8125rem;color:var(--ctg-public-body-light);margin-bottom:3rem;}
.ctg-research-hero-column{width:100%;max-width:50rem;margin-inline:auto;text-align:left;}
.ctg-research-hero-column h1,.ctg-research-hero-column .ctg-research-deck,.ctg-research-hero-column .ctg-research-practical-shortcut{max-width:none;}
.ctg-research-practical-shortcut{max-width:46rem;margin-top:2rem;padding-top:1.25rem;border-top:1px solid var(--research-rule);}
.ctg-research-practical-shortcut p{margin:0 0 .5rem;font-size:.9375rem;}
.ctg-research-practical-shortcut .ctg-research-eyebrow{font-size:var(--ctg-public-type-eyebrow);}
.ctg-research-practical-shortcut .ctg-research-shortcut-title{font:600 1.125rem/1.5 var(--ctg-public-font-heading);color:var(--ctg-public-heading-light);}
.ctg-research-practical-shortcut a{display:inline-block;margin-top:.5rem;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;text-decoration:none;}
#business_application{scroll-margin-top:7rem;}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){html:has(.ctg-research-page){scroll-behavior:smooth;}}
.ctg-research-dates{font-size:.8125rem;margin:1.5rem 0 0;}
.ctg-research-article-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,2.125fr) minmax(0,1fr);column-gap:clamp(2rem,5vw,5rem);align-items:start;padding-top:3.5rem;}
.ctg-research-evidence{grid-column:2;grid-row:1;position:sticky;top:7rem;overflow-anchor:none;border-top:2px solid var(--research-accent);padding-top:1.25rem;}
.ctg-research-evidence h2{font:600 1.375rem/1.3 var(--ctg-public-font-heading);letter-spacing:-.025em;}
.ctg-research-evidence dl{margin:0;}
.ctg-research-evidence dl>div{margin:1.1rem 0;}
.ctg-research-evidence dd{font-size:.9375rem;}
.ctg-research-evidence .ctg-research-service-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem;margin:.3rem 0 0;}
.ctg-research-evidence .ctg-research-service-links li{min-width:0;max-width:100%;}
.ctg-research-evidence .ctg-research-evidence-fields{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:1.1rem 1rem;margin:1.1rem 0;}
.ctg-research-evidence .ctg-research-evidence-fields>div{margin:0;}
.ctg-research-evidence-fields>div{grid-column:1/-1;}
.ctg-research-evidence-fields>.ctg-research-evidence-primary{grid-column:1;}
.ctg-research-evidence-fields>.ctg-research-evidence-year{grid-column:2;}
.ctg-research-evidence-details{border-top:1px solid var(--research-rule);padding-top:1rem;}
.ctg-research-evidence-details summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;color:var(--research-accent);font-size:.75rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;}
.ctg-research-evidence-details summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none;}
.ctg-research-evidence-details summary:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--research-accent);outline-offset:var(--ctg-public-focus-offset);}
.ctg-research-details-open,.ctg-research-evidence-details[open] .ctg-research-details-closed{display:none;}
.ctg-research-evidence-details[open] .ctg-research-details-open{display:block;}
.ctg-research-evidence[data-evidence-overflow]{position:relative;top:auto;margin-top:var(--research-evidence-flow-offset,0px);}
.ctg-research-body{max-width:47.5rem;min-width:0;font-size:1.125rem;overflow-wrap:break-word;}
.ctg-research-article-layout>.ctg-research-body{grid-column:1;grid-row:1;}
.ctg-research-body section{margin-bottom:3rem;}
.ctg-research-body h2{font-size:clamp(1.875rem,2.6vw,2.375rem);}
.ctg-research-body p{margin:0 0 1.2rem;}
.ctg-research-body h3{margin-top:1.75rem;font-size:1.25rem;}
.ctg-research-takeaway{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.75rem minmax(0,1fr);align-items:center;gap:1.25rem;margin:4rem 0;color:var(--ctg-public-heading-light);}
.ctg-research-takeaway-icon{display:block;width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;}
.ctg-research-body .ctg-research-takeaway-label{margin:0 0 .5rem;font:700 .75rem/1.5 var(--ctg-public-font-body);letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ctg-public-body-light);}
.ctg-research-body .ctg-research-takeaway h3{margin:0 0 .5rem;font:600 1.25rem/1.3 var(--ctg-public-font-heading);color:var(--ctg-public-heading-light);}
.ctg-research-body .ctg-research-takeaway-support{margin:0;color:var(--ctg-public-body-light);}
.ctg-research-citation{font-size:.75rem;vertical-align:super;text-decoration:none;color:var(--research-accent);white-space:nowrap;}
.ctg-research-pullquote{margin:3rem 0;padding:1.75rem 0 1.75rem 1.5rem;border-left:3px solid var(--research-rule);font:italic 400 calc(.85 * clamp(1.875rem,2.6vw,2.375rem))/1.3 var(--research-display);letter-spacing:-.02em;}
.ctg-research-pullquote p{max-inline-size:31ch;margin:0;color:var(--ctg-public-body-light);line-height:inherit;text-wrap:balance;}
@media(min-width:768px){.ctg-research-pullquote p{text-wrap:pretty;}}
.ctg-research-endmatter{width:calc((100% - clamp(2rem,5vw,5rem)) * .68);padding-block:2rem;border-top:1px solid var(--research-rule);}
.ctg-research-sources{padding-left:1.5rem;margin:0;font-size:.9375rem;}
.ctg-research-sources li{padding-left:.5rem;scroll-margin-top:7rem;overflow-wrap:anywhere;}
.ctg-research-sources li+li{margin-top:1.5rem;}
.ctg-research-sources p{margin-bottom:.5rem;}
@media(max-width:1023px){
  .ctg-research-method{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2rem;}
  .ctg-research-method-panel{margin-top:0;padding:1.5rem;}
  .ctg-research-carousel-viewport{--research-edge-fade-width:36px;}
  .ctg-research-featured-rail{--research-card-width:calc((100% - 2rem) / 2.3);}
  .ctg-research-featured-header{justify-content:flex-start;}
  .ctg-research-hub-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2.5rem;}
  .ctg-research-promise{padding-left:1.5rem;}
  .ctg-research-article-layout{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:3rem;}
  .ctg-research-evidence,.ctg-research-evidence[data-evidence-overflow]{position:static;top:auto;margin-top:0;width:100%;max-width:47.5rem;}
  .ctg-research-evidence dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0 2rem;}
  .ctg-research-endmatter{width:100%;}
}
@media(max-width:767px){
  #research-results{--research-preview-spacing:2rem;}
  .ctg-research-carousel-viewport{--research-edge-fade-width:24px;}
  .ctg-research-featured-header{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:1rem;}
  .ctg-research-carousel-controls{position:static;align-self:flex-end;}
  .ctg-research-featured-rail{--research-card-width:90%;}
  .ctg-research-article-image{display:none;}
  .ctg-research-takeaway{grid-template-columns:1.5rem minmax(0,1fr);gap:1rem;}
  .ctg-research-takeaway-icon{width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem;}
  .ctg-research-page main a.ctg-research-action--responsive{white-space:normal;text-decoration:underline;}
  .ctg-research-page .ctg-research-action--responsive::after{content:none;}
  .ctg-research-grid,.ctg-research-standards-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2rem;}
  .ctg-research-method-panel>div{padding:1rem;}
  .ctg-research-feature-evidence{flex-direction:column;gap:1rem;}
  .ctg-research-article-hero{padding-bottom:2.5rem;}
  .ctg-research-breadcrumbs{margin-bottom:2rem;}
  .ctg-research-body{font-size:1.0625rem;}
  .ctg-research-evidence dl,.ctg-research-evidence .ctg-research-evidence-fields{display:block;}
  .ctg-research-evidence .ctg-research-evidence-fields>div{margin:1.1rem 0;}
}
@media(max-width:359px){
  .ctg-research-page main a.ctg-research-action{white-space:normal;text-decoration:underline;}
  .ctg-research-page .ctg-research-action::after{content:none;}
}